The Continuous Descent Final Approach (CDFA) is a technique for flying the final approach segment of an NPA as a continuous descent. The technique is consistent with stabilized approach procedures and has no level-off. A CDFA starts from an altitude/height at or above the FAF and proceeds to an altitude/height approximately 50 feet (15 meters) above the landing runway threshold or to a point where the flare maneuver should begin for the type of aircraft being flown. This definition harmonizes with the ICAO and the European Aviation Safety Agency(EASA).

Information about Constant Angle Descent Approaches

• Code7700.com: Continuous Descent Final Approach (CDFA) Instrument Procedures
• SmartCockpit.com: Constant-Angle Nonprecision Approach
• IFR Magazine: Constant Angle Descent
• Skybrary.aero: Continuous Descent Final Approach (CDFA)
• Darren Smith CFII: Performing a Non-Precision CANPA
• The National FAA Safety Team: Stabilized Approaches & Landings
• YouTube: How to Fly CDFA Technique
• YouTube: Air Force Flight Standards Agency - Continuous Descent Final Approach CDFA

Reference Information

• FAA AC 120-108 - Continuous Descent Final Approach
• Control your Speed… During Descent, Approach and Landing, Airbus Safety First Magazine, #24, July
• Flight Safety foundation - ALAR Briefing Note 7.2 - Constant-Angle Nonprecision Approach
• ICAO 8168 - Volume 1 - Flight Procedures
• AFM 11-202, Vol 3 - Flying Operations (page 197)
• ACJ OPS 1.430 CONTINUOUS DESCENT FINAL APPROACH (CDFA)
• Instrument Approach Categories
  • Based on speed of Vref at maximum certified landing weight. If Vref is not specified, use 1.3 Vso at the maximum certified landing weight.
  • Category A: Speed of less than 91 knots
  • Category B: Speed of 91 knots or more but less than 121 knots
  • Category C: Speed of 121 knots or more but less than 141 knots
  • Category D: Speed of 141 knots or more but less than 166 knots
  • Category E: Speed of 166 knots or more